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extensions.tex:

o Add some documentation for localization support
o Fix a few places where words were run together in the pdf output.

cmu-user.tex:
o Update date and version.
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......@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
\newcommand{\keywords}{lisp, Common Lisp, manual, compiler, programming
language implementation, programming environment}
\date{Sep 2009 \\ Release 20a}
\date{Apr 2009 \\ Snapshot 2010-04}
\begin{document}
......
......@@ -2470,7 +2470,7 @@ innermost fwrapper object. Likewise, if a function is fwrapped,
\code{(setf fdefinition)} will set the primary function in the
innermost fwrapper.
\begin{defmac}{fwrappers:}{define-fwrapper}{name lambda-list \ampbody body}
\begin{defmac}{fwrappers:}{define-fwrapper}{name lambda-list \ampbody{} body}
This macro is like \code{defun}, but defines a function named
\var{name} that can be used as an fwrapper definition.
......@@ -2552,8 +2552,8 @@ innermost fwrapper.
undefined function.
\end{defun}
\begin{defmac}{fwrappers:}{do-fwrappers}{(var fdefn \ampoptional
result) \ampbody body}
\begin{defmac}{fwrappers:}{do-fwrappers}{(var fdefn \ampoptional{}
result) \ampbody{} body}
Evaluate \var{body} with \var{var} bound to consecutive fwrappers of
\var{fdefn}. Return \var{result} at the end. Note that \var{fdefn}
must be an \code{fdefn} object. You can use
......@@ -2763,3 +2763,193 @@ that order.
:case :common to :case :local. This merged name will be probed with
both a .lisp and .fasl extensions, calling \code{LOAD} if it exists.
\end{defun}
\section{Localization}
\label{sec:localization}
\cmucl{} support localization where messages can be presented in the
native language. This is done in the style of \code{gettext} which
marks strings that are to be translated and provides the lookup to
convert the string to the specified language.
All messages from \cmucl{} can be translated but as of this writing,
the only complete translation is a Pig Latin translation done by
machine. There are a few messages translated to Korean.
\subsection{Dictionary}
\label{sec:localization-dictionary}
\begin{defun}{intl:}{setlocale}{\ampoptional{} locale}
Sets the locale to the locale specified by \var{locale}. If
\var{locale} is not give or is \nil, the locale is determined by
look at the environment variables \code{LANGUAGE}, \code{LC\_ALL},
\code{LC\_MESSAGES}, or \code{LANG}. If none of these are set, the
locale is unchanged.
The default locale is ``C''.
\end{defun}
\begin{defun}{intl:}{textdomain}{domain}
Set the default domain to the domain specified by \var{domain}.
Typically, this only needs to be done at the top of each source
file. This is used to \code{gettext} and \code{ngettext} to set the
domain for the message string.
\end{defun}
\begin{defmac}{intl:}{gettext}{string}
Look up the specified string, \var{string}, in the current message
domain and return its translation.
\end{defmac}
\begin{defun}{intl:}{dgettext}{domain string}
Look up the specified string, \var{string}, in the message domain,
\var{domain}. The translation is returned.
When compiled, this also function also records the string so that an
appropriate message template file can be created. (See
\code{intl::dump-pot-files}.)
\end{defun}
\begin{defmac}{intl:}{ngettext}{singular plural n}
Look up the singular or plural form of a message in the default
domain. The singular form is \var{singular}; the plural is
\var{plural}. The number of items is specified by \var{n} in case
the correct translation depends on the actual number of items.
\end{defmac}
\begin{defun}{intl:}{dngettext}{domain singular plural n}
Look up the singular or plural form of a message in the specified
domain, \var{domain}. The singular form is \var{singular}; the
plural is \var{plural}. The number of items is specified by \var{n}
in case the correct translation depends on the actual number of
items.
When compiled, this also function also records the singular and
plural forms so that an appropriate message template file can be
created. (See \code{intl::dump-pot-files}.)
\end{defun}
\begin{defun}{intl::}{dump-pot-files}{\keys copyright
output-directory}
Dumps the translatable strings recorded by \code{dgettext} and
\code{dngettext}. The message template file (pot file) is written
to a file in the directory specified by \var{output-directory}, and
the name of the file is the domain of the string.
If \var{copyright} is specified, this is placed in the output file
as the copyright message.
\end{defun}
\begin{defvar}{intl:}{locale-directories}
This is a list of directory pathnames where the translations can be found.
\end{defvar}
Two reader macros are also provided: \code{\_''} and \code{\_N''}. The
first is equivalent to wrapping \code{dgettext} around the string.
The second returns the string, but also records the string. This is
needed when we want to record a docstring for translation or any other
string in a place where a macro or function call would be incorrect.
Also, the standard comment reader is extended to allow translator
comments to be saved and written to the messages template file so that
the translator may not need to look at the original source to
understand the string. Any comment line that begins with exactly
\verb|"TRANSLATORS: "| is saved. This means each translator comment
must be preceded by this string to be saved; the translator comment
ends at the end of each line.
\subsection{Example Usage}
\label{sec:localization-usage}
Here is a simple example of how to localize your code.
\begin{example}
(intl:textdomain "example")
(defun foo (x y)
_N"Cool function foo of x and y"
(let ((result (bar x y)))
(format t _"bar of ~A and ~A = ~A~%" x y result)
;; TRANSLATORS: Do the right thing here.
;; TRANSLATORS: Whatever that might be.
(format t (intl:ngettext "There is one X"
"There are many Xs"
x))
result))
\end{example}
The call to \code{textdomain} sets the default domain for all
translatable strings following the call.
When this file is compiled, all of the translatable strings are
recorded. This includes the docstring for \code{foo}, the string for
the first \code{format}, and the string marked by the call to
\code{intl:ngettext}.
After all of the files have been compiled, we can dump the recorded
strings. In this case,
\begin{example}
* (intl::dump-pot-files :output-directory "dir/")
Dumping 3 messages for domain "example"
NIL
\end{example}
will create a file named ``example.pot'' in the directory ``dir/''.
The contents of this file are:
\begin{example}
#@ example
# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR
#
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: "
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI +ZONE"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>"
"MIME-Version: 1.0"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit"
#: /tmp/foo.lisp
msgid "Cool function foo of x and y"
msgstr ""
#. Whatever that might be.
#: /tmp/foo.lisp
msgid "bar of ~A and ~A = ~A~%"
msgstr ""
#: /tmp/foo.lisp
msgid "There is one X"
msgid_plural "There are many Xs"
msgstr[0] ""
\end{example}
To finish the translation, a corresponding ``example.po'' file needs
to be created with the appropriate translations for the given
strings. This file must be placed in some directory that is included
in \code{intl:*locale-directories*}.
Suppose the translation is done for Korean. Then the user can set the
environment variables appropriately or call \code{(intl:setlocale
"ko")}. Note that the external format for the standard streams
needs to be set up appropriately too. It is up to the user to set
this correctly. Once this is all done, the output from the function
\code{foo} will now be in Korean instead of English as in the original
source file.
For further information, we refer the reader to documentation on
\ifpdf
\href{http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/gettext.html}{gettext}.
\else
gettext at
\href{http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/gettext.html}{\texttt{http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/gettext.html}}.
\fi
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